    ICTARI USER GROUP               ISSUE #8                   March 1994

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                     *   m   a   g   a   z   i   n   e   *

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                       I C T A R I   U S E R   G R O U P

       63 Woolsbridge Road, Ringwood, Hants, BH24 2LX   Tel. 0425-474415

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                               INDEX FOR ISSUE 8
                               =================

    FOLDER                          SUBJECT
                              
    ASSEMBLY  Layout of assembler source code for Degas image
              Programming Techniques, passing in-line parameters to S/Rs
              Program for displaying 68K instructions info, needs fixing
    C         C Tutorial (Chapters 0-7) plus 82 source code files
    GFA       Bit mapping on ATARI computers, all resolutions
    MISC      DSP56001 circuit diagram
              4D Cube image
              Brief review of 18 Atari programmers books
              Current membership list
    PASCAL    Directory lister program + source code
    STOS      -


    In next months issue of ICTARI (this may change) :-

    ASSEMBLY  Tutorial on using Macros in machine code
              Complete Macro file for all TOS calls
              Twist scroll source code
    C         C Tutorial (Chapters 8-14)
              Bouncing ball demo source code
    GFA
    MISC      Pexec TOS call information
              CPU Instruction timings
              Cookie Jar information
              Index to ICTARI issues 1-8
    PASCAL
    STOS


    For future issues :-

    Complete set of floating point routines in machine code.
    Binary/Decimal/Hex/ASCII conversion routines in machine code.
    Polyline drawing routines in machine code.
    Bezier curve drawing routines.
    Picture decompression routines for IMG, Degas, Tiny, PCX, PAC, etc.
    Picture compression routine for IMG pictures.
    HP DeskJet compression routines (Mode 2 TIFF).
    Command line access techniques.
    Using the Xbtimer chip.
    Tutorial for using GEM commands from machine code/C.
    Playing sound samples on non STE machines.
    Picture switching techniques.

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   EDITORIAL
                                   =========

    COMMITTEE
    
    To run the group I  have  recruited  two  colleagues who have agreed to
    help compile the magazine each  month.  They  are Dick Teuber and Steve
    Gale who program in C, machine code and STOS.

    MEMBERSHIP
    
    The  response  to  the   mail   shot   has,  unfortunately,  been  very
    disappointing. Out  of  the  53  questionnaires  sent  out  to previous
    members only 19 have even been  returned  (so  far). Four of those have
    cancelled their membership and the  remaining  15 were keen to continue
    with the group. We have spoken to  several  of the people that we wrote
    to and one is not programming on  the Atari anymore and the others were
    more interested in exchanging  PD  software  than programming which may
    possibly explain the lack of response  from  the rest. From the members
    who did reply we have a total membership  at this time of 15 plus three
    committee members. Out of  this  15,  four  have declared themselves as
    beginners although this may be false modesty.

    This number is not really  enough  to  run  a  viable group since there
    would be insufficient input to the magazine  to fill a disk each month.
    However, since we have a  few  interesting  items  for the magazine for
    next couple of months, we propose to send these out and in the meantime
    we shall launch an advertising  campaign  to  try and recruit some more
    members. We have written to the three glossy Atari magazines and to the
    main PD libraries in the hope  that  they  will publish our letters. We
    are also compiling a list of  PD  programmers that have published their
    names and addresses on PD or magazine  cover disks and we will write to
    them direct and try and persuade them to  join. This is going to cost a
    lot of money for postage  so  if  any  member  would like to contribute
    something towards these costs we would be most grateful.

    If any member has access to  any  of  the E-Mail or BBS systems perhaps
    they could place a general  message  to  all  users telling them of the
    existence of  ICTARI  and  asking  them  to  send  a  Stamped Addressed
    Envelope to us (at the  address  above)  for more information about the
    group.

    If you should happen to buy the weekly computer magazine Micro Mart and
    you don't wish to use the advertisment page, could you send the page to
    us so that we can use it to advertise for free in the magazine.

    Thanks  to  the  members   who   sent   some   new  material  with  the
    questionnaire, we shall be using it over  the next couple of months. If
    you didn't send anything, now would be a good time to produce something
    for the next issue as we do not  have too much available for it at this
    time.

    As you will see from the above comments we are keen to make the group a
    viable proposition but we will  be  relying  on  the cooperation of ALL
    members in this venture. We trust we can rely on this support.

    POSTAGE
    
    In order to keep postage costs  down  as  much as possible we have sent
    this issue of the disk in a small business envelope with a second class
    stamp. We hope that  the  envelope  will  be  strong  enough but if any
    member does have any trouble with  damage  to the package please let us
    know and we will reconsider the postage arrangements.

    VIRUSES
    
    With a group such as ours  which  involves frequent disk swaps and disk
    copying there is obviously a  danger  of  computer viruses being passed
    from one member to another. On the  dozen  or so disks that we received
    from Nick Bates there were three  different boot sector virus programs.
    The Ghost A virus (which reverses the direction of the mouse pointer on
    the Y axis), the dangerous Goblin  virus (which can corrupt disk files)
    and the Macumba 3.3 virus. There is a possibility that you may have one
    or more of these  viruses  on  some  of  your  disks. Would all members
    please check ALL of their disks  with  a  suitable virus killer, we use
    the Ultimate Virus Killer (UVK) available from the ST Club, Nottingham.

    We shall, of course, check all disks  received in future for viruses to
    avoid passing them on to you. When you send a disk into the club please
    don't place a boot  sector  program  on  the  disk  as  the UVK may not
    recognise it and will erase it as a possible virus. There are also some
    'immunisation' programs around  which  can  protect  against viruses by
    writing data to the boot sector but  we  would prefer you don't use one
    of these unless the UVK can recognise it as such  since if it can't, it
    will assume it is an unknown virus. Also we shall not be using any boot
    sector programs on the magazine  disks  because  a  lot of members have
    hard disks (which don't boot  from  the  floppy)  and also because most
    (sensible) users have virus monitoring  programs which will 'freak out'
    on these programs.

    READ_ME.TXT file
    
    This file in the root  directory  is  intended  for  new members to the
    group and concerns payment arrangements   and  will  stay the same each
    month so there is no need to read  again  once you have read it. If any
    changes are made to it we shall mention it in this section.

    QUESTIONNAIRE
    
    We have not had all the  questionnaires  back  yet  but this is a rough
    breakdown of the languages that members use.

              ASSEMBLY       14
              GFA BASIC      4
              ST BASIC       1
              C              9
              STOS           6
              PASCAL         2

    In answer to several members who inquired, the letter and questionnaire
    were  written with Protext,  imported  into  Calamus  and  printed on a
    Ricoh LP1200 Laser printer.

    DISK FORMATS
    
    A couple of members have had some problems copying the disks due to the
    non-standard format (i.e. more  than  9  sectors/track  or more than 80
    tracks). In future we will only use disks that have been formatted from
    the normal desktop disk format  option  so  that  they can be copied to
    other disks using the normal copy facilities from the desktop.

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------

                                CORRESPONDENCE
                                ==============
    To *.*
    From ICTARI

    We have noticed from some  of  the  correspondence that several members
    write programs but avoid using the  standard  built in GEM commands for
    displaying dialogue forms, menu bars, windows, mouse cursors, etc, etc.
    It is, in fact, not that  difficult  to  use these facilities so if any
    members would like a tutorial on  this  subject  (in machine code and C
    possibly) please let us know.

    Has anyone done any work on using two (or more) machines together using
    the MIDI ports, i.e. multi-player  multi-machine  games. If so we would
    be interested in an article on the problems and solutions for using the
    MIDI ports to transfer data between machines.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    To *.*
    From Frank Dawkins

    Does anyone have any good  guitar  samples  that  I  could use in a GFA
    Basic program I'm writing.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    To *.*
    From Nick Bates

    Does anyone have a Canon BJ printer driver, needed desperately.

    */ Not sure for which  program  this  is  needed  ! Better contact Nick
    direct if you think you can help him.  ICTARI /*
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    To ICTARI
    From Tony Greenwood

    Unfortunately, due to other commitments, I am unable to offer much time
    towards ICTARI as I program the STOSSER  diskzine  but if I can help in
    any other way then please get  in  touch,  i.e.  you may want to run an
    advert in STOSSER for new  members  for  ICTARI.  I have in past issues
    given the ICTARI address out for  possible new members and always offer
    our full support.

    Have you registered with the  A.A.U.G.  I  recently  sent for an update
    list of Atari User groups and was surprised that ICTARI was not on it ?

    */ We would appreciate a mention in  your  magazine in case any of your
    members are interested in languages  other  than  STOS, please note our
    new address. We haven't registered with the A.A.U.G as yet but we shall
    when we are sure that the group is properly established. ICTARI /*
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    To ICTARI
    From James Collett (Professor)

    I'm afraid  I  currently  don't  have  time  to  write  a  complete GFA
    tutorial, but if any members have any specific GFA problems I'm willing
    to (try to!) solve them. I will  also continue to contribute sources as
    I have done in the past.

    GFA codings from me to watch out for over the next few months include a
    mega colour scroller and 3-D sphere rotation routines with explanations
    of the techniques I use to achieve  3-D graphics. I also have plans for
    more developments of my handwriting  engine,  which I will hopefully be
    coding over the Easter hols. I would  like to release it through ICTARI
    magazine as I have done in the past.

    Finally, as you may  not  know,  I'm  also  a  member  of the demo crew
    VIRTUAL INFINITY. Although we  have  been  relatively  "passive" in the
    past and haven't released any major demos,  next term we will be coding
    and releasing something major. It's not  actually a demo, it's actually
    a game! We will hopefully be rewriting the classic 8 bit game, REPTON 3
    for the 16 & 32 bit ATARI machines using the original graphics from the
    Acorn BBC/Electron.

    I would be grateful if you would  put  a message in the magazine asking
    for any ICTARI member who has or  can  obtain any disk or tape to write
    to me or E-mail me AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. The "graphics files" include :-

                         Round The World in 40 Screens
                               REPTON Thru Time
                          The Life And Time Of REPTON
                                     {etc}
    Thanks a lot

    */ We look forward to seeing the  source code. See MEMBERS.TXT file for
    address and E-mail numbers.  ICTARI /*
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    To ICTARI
    From Nightwalker

    I have obtained one copy of  ST  Internals, I have friends who may have
    obtained another copy but  will  not  know  for  another  week yet when
    they get back from  holiday.  Have  also  written  direct  to Abacus in
    America regarding this and other books. Will inform you of progress !!

    */ Please do and see also BOOKS.TXT in the MISC folder.  ICTARI /*
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    To ICTARI
    From Mike Barnard

    I recently discovered issues one and  two of your ICTARI disk magazine.
    About 6 months ago  I  started  looking  for  as much information about
    machine code programming as I  could  get  and  among the information I
    found in the PD libraries were your two disks. Since then, (for various
    reasons such as laziness, my wifes  nagging  about  how long I spend on
    the computer and my difficulty in  actually  understanding a lot of the
    source code), I havn't done much programming. But I've just got the bug
    back and I've finally decided to pull  my finger out and actually learn
    something. To this end I want to find out a bit more about ICTARI.

    LAPD tell me you've just released issue  7 of your mag, (but they don't
    have the other issues I'm missing,  i.e.  3,4,5  &  6). This says to me
    that you seem to be  genuinely  committed  to  this  mag! That's a rare
    treat  nowadays,  so  I'd  like   in   please!  Tell  me,  what's  your
    subscription system? Send a disk and  an  SAE? How often do you release
    the mag? Also do you need any help  in sorting it? (Some of the writing
    I've seen has really  terrible  spelling  and  phrasing).  Tell me all,
    please. And I definitely want  the  missing  issues, 3-7 inclusive. How
    much?

    Who am I? I'm a 37 year old  Fireman,  with a great wife, no kids and a
    cat. I've got an STE, running  on  TOS  1.6,  the one that won't set to
    medium rez without an auto folder  patch.  (What  a pain in the a%$!).
    It's got 1 meg, a Phillips  Mk  I colour monitor, Power external drive,
    and a wonderful Hewlett-Packard Deskjet  500 printer. I'm into strategy
    style games. I've got Civilisation,  Railroad Tycoon, Caesar, Campaign,
    Space Crusade, Dragonflight, Amberstar and  others. And, of course, I'm
    finding my way in M/C programming.

    I'm only really interested in  M/C programming personally, but browsing
    through the listings I've noticed one  thing  in common with almost all
    types of source code.  The  commenting  is  usually  terrible, which is
    especially bad as  people  have  often  deliberately  written  it  as a
    tutorial. And the layout? Not  usually  very structured, which makes it
    as confusing as  hell  to  try  and  read,  for  me,  anyway.  I have a
    neighbour who used to program  professionally for major businesses, and
    he told me of 'The rule of  7'.  A  segment of source code shouldn't be
    longer than 7 lines at a time,  as  the Human Brain finds it confusing.
    If a routine needs more than  7  lines,  it  should be broken down into
    logical segments, each no longer  than  7  lines.  Included is a simple
    program to display a Degas Picture on screen, ('LAYOUT.S'). The program
    itself is nothing new at all, it's been shown a hundred times in books,
    magazines and source code, but the  way  I  have laid out the source is
    (in my humble opinion)  far  easier  to  understand than the continuous
    lists of data found in some sources.

    Now for a begging bit. Will you please include the following grovelling
    request to your M/C readers on your next release? Thanks Please help! I
    want to control the mouse  pointer  in  machine  code at TOS level, not
    GEM! This means reading  the  IKBD  directly.  For  those  that read ST
    Format, they answered my letter with  a  routine  in issue 43, page 58,
    (Included as 'MOUSE.S' in ASSEMBLY folder). I still can't do it. I just
    want to be able to read the data packet returned by the mouse, relative
    or absolute, and use the  information  in  it  to modify two variables,
    'mousex' and 'mousey'. Do I  need  to  use  XBIOS  0, initmouse? When I
    finally get to this stage I'm sure  I'll be able to use these variables
    to redraw the mouse when I decide I need to.

    So, if you have any sourced  routines  that would help,  please, please
    let's see them. A tutorial, written in  plain english, would be a great
    help if someone out  there  actually  knows  what  he is talking about.
    Thanks.

    How about a For Sale column ? I want a hard drive (cheap of course).

    Well, that's enough waffling for now. Thanks for an interesting mag and
    I look forward to hearing from you soon.

    */ We now have copies of all of the ICTARI disks from Nick Bates and we
    are compiling  a  catalogue  of  what  is  on  each  disk  and  will be
    publishing this  in  the  next  issue.  See  the  READ_ME.TXT  file for
    information on obtaining back issues of the magazine.

    You should notice an improvement  in  the  spelling  and grammar of the
    text files in future although there is  not much we can do about errors
    in source or program files.

    We entirely agree about the commenting (or  lack of) in source code and
    we shall try and persuade all contributors to provide more comments and
    explanations of code.

    Can anyone help with the mouse problem.

    We would be happy to  include  any  items  wanted or for sale providing
    they don't  take  so  up  much  room  that  we  would  have  to  reduce
    programming material.  ICTARI /*
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    To ICTARI
    From Michael Herman

    I am in the process of starting my own disk magazine with a partner, it
    will be a general magazine with hopefully a programming section. I will
    however support your mag and  I  hope  we  can  provide each other with
    ideas and new readers. For that reason  I  would like to ask if I could
    have an advert in your magazine in return for you placing one in mine.

    */ Good luck with the mag,  please  mention  ours when you get it going
    ICTARI /*
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    To ICTARI
    From Simon Rigby

    I think the credit system should be scrapped  and go back to a one disk
    + SAE in for one disk out; if you  have to send a disk, you tend to put
    something on it.

    */ We agree that sending a disk each month is preferable from our point
    of view as it saves us having  to  buy  lots of disks regularly and (as
    you say) it is likely that members  will hopefully put something on the
    disk for the magazine. However, not everybody can do this easily and if
    a disk is not sent to us each  month it means we have to decide whether
    to send a disk and hope we  get  one  back  or not send a disk and risk
    upsetting the member who misses  that  issue.  For  this reason we will
    continue to accept money or disks  as  payment  for each issue, see the
    READ_ME.TXT file for more information on this.  ICTARI /*
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    To *.*
    From Jonathan White

    Since I have a Falcon plus a  load  of programming info, I'm willing to
    be a Falcon  consultant/beta  tester/compatibility  checker.  I  can be
    contacted via E-mail at PSU WHITE & UK.AC.BOLTON.BASIL (Internet).
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    To ICTARI
    From James Taylor (Author of MiniDraft and MultiCAD)

    If you are looking for ideas  to suggest to other possible contributors
    how about the following -

    1..How to draw and fill Calamus vector font characters.
    2..How to construct DXF and ADI CAD files.
    3..An explanation of HPGL.
    4..How to construct a tangent to a curve.
    5..How to draw a spline curve.

    I'm sure I could think of more if pushed.

    */ We are currently trying  to  write  some  code to use Calamus vector
    fonts in user programs but it is extremely difficult so don't hold your
    breath, if anyone has any  other  info  on filling Calamus fonts please
    let us know.

    By HPGL we presume you mean  the Hewlett Packard Graphics Language used
    in HP printers. We do have  the  manual  for  this language but it is a
    very large book (over a thousand pages probably) and would be difficult
    to reproduce it in this magazine  (not to mention the copyright issue).
    The book is available from HP but is quite expensive (approx 40). Does
    anyone else have any thoughts on this.

    We shall be publishing code to  draw  polylines  in a later issue, does
    anyone have information on the  CAD formats and drawing tangents/spline
    curves.  ICTARI /*
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    To ICTARI
    From Steven Jordan & Andrew Martin (Diamond Software)

    Over the next couple of months we will  be bringing you some of our 68k
    routines. The routines will vary  from picture drawing routines, raster
    routines or even load data files.

    We hope that the  routines  we  are  giving  away  will  be used by all
    members of the Ictari User Group and  there will be higher standards of
    intros, games or utilities.

    Here are the routines that we will  be giving away over the next couple
    of months :

    Intro / Demos    - What can we say?!

    Picture Routines - PC1 unpacker
                       Munster picture routine!
                       A barrel roller
                       Normal picture drawing routine
                       Venetian picture blind routine

    Bootsectors      - Picture loading
                       Picture loading & PRG loading

    Rasters          - Mega-Beams
                       VU raster bars!
                       Normal rasters
                       Full screen ones (using HBL)
                       Colour cycling raster
                       Simple Mega-Bars
                       Vertical rasters!!!!!
                       Moving rasters

    Music Players    - STFM Tracker Music
                     - STE Tracker Music
                     - Mad Max Chip Music
                     - Digi-Drum Music
                     - Quartet Music???

    Border Removal   - Top Border (Testing which MMU you have)
                     - Left And Right Borders
                     - Full screen ?? (Overscan)
                     - Documents explaining how they are done

    File Accessing   - Loading data files
                     - Saving data files

    Scroll Texts     - Too many to list...

    Key Click        - Turning on/off that annoying key click

    System Addresses - In a document type form

    Trap Calls       - Every ST trap command

    Reset Stuff      - A proper version which changes palette etc...

    Fonts            - How to use 4-plane fonts

    Sync Scrolling   - Simulated on an STFM (STE Compatible?)

    Scrolling        - How to scroll a screen in all directions

    CLS              - A venetian blind routine (on Ictari #5 & #7)
                     - Normal clearing
                     - Fading out colours

    Sine-waving      - Sine-Wave the FAST way

    Sprites          - Drawing sprites (X & Y cords) - Fast

    Sample Playing   - On an interrupt (ANY freqs)


    These are just some of  the  routines  that  we  will bring you, but of
    course we will bring you other things that we have not talked about and
    we might even not give you some of the routines!

    If you have anything else that you  want  to see on Ictari then you can
    write into Ictari.

    */ We look forward to receiving  all this invaluable material but don't
    forget to provide plenty of comments/explanations, etc. ICTARI /*

    THE STOS RASTER UPDATE
    
    Does anyone remember the raster routine  I  included on the Ictari disk
    number 5? It was a bit big wasn't it  ...

    180 GS=CO : for N=0 to RC : doke (start(12)+CO),5 : CO=CO+2 : next N
                                                   /\
                                                  /||\
                                                   ||
    change that number to make  the  height  of the raster smaller/bigger -
    1=small ..... 10000=crash!

    P.S. Don't press CONTROL &  C  while  you  are  in  the main loop as it
    crashes the ST.


    I bet some Ictari members bought ST Format and then found that they had
    'Missing Link' on the cover  disk.  If  I  were  you, I would format it
    because ST Format only put on  the  install program, which was just one
    of the many things that ST Format should have put on the disk. I bought
    Missing Link from LAPD  and  I  got  a  81*10  disk  which  was FULL of
    examples to all the commands  and  it  also  had  about ten or so games
    which are so bloody addictive  that  I  have  'The  Race' running on my
    multi-tasking ST system !!!!

               - GET THE PROPER COPY OR YOU'LL BE MISSING OUT -

    P.S. Andrew and I are just about to register... We'll tell you what the
    stuff's like later.

    From  Steven Jordan <One Half Of Diamond Software>

    Jesus Christ whats this? months Ictari late! We almost thought that you
    forgot us or Ictari had dissolved!!!!! Oh err.

    The reason the text file  containing  information  on how to change our
    brilliant raster routine was missing was this  : - We turned the PC off
    before we saved the file and we couldn't be bothered to write it again!
    (Andrews excuse is a load of crap.)

    Now we have just typed  it  out  again  and  you  should find it on our
    contributions disk...

    To everyone who have been waiting for our intro source(s),

    Last month we said that we were  going  to  give you the source code to
    the intro on Ictari disk #7, but  we  have  decided that it was far too
    shit! So instead we have  given  you  another  intro that we originally
    wrote for Ictari #5  but  we  never  got  round  to  organising all the
    folders etc... We hope you find  it  useful  and  that you will use the
    routines in it to make an outstanding intro or demo.

    Tell us what you think of it and you  only have to ask if you want some
    more documented intros, utilities or actual demos.

    To 68K Coders

    Hope you like our 68k routines. Please  use  them in you own stuff, but
    please remember to say hi to Andrew and I.

    From Steven Jordan <One Half Of Diamond Software>

    */ Yes we do, please send some more when you can !  ICTARI /*

    To *.* (Who made that up?)

    Some people may have  noticed  that  our  sources  don't  have a lot of
    documentation but I (Steven) have had a  problem with my wrist (No it's
    not what you are thinking!) I have RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury) which
    is caused by repetitive movement  performed  in the same fixed position
    for long periods of time. And  it  has  come  about because of the crap
    College computers. (Tut,Tut,Tut).

    Hopefully I should be  better  before  the  next  issue of Ictari comes
    out...

    I'm off to give my hand a rest now. (I've been typing with one hand!)

    From Steven Jordan <The injured member of Diamond Software>

    I very often don't say anything in  our text files or scrollers so from
    now on I'm going to have my say. Ok

    From Andrew Martin <Diamond Software>

    You may have noticed that  we  didn't  write  an  intro for this months
    disk. This is because we thought  we  would give other members a chance
    (Ah aren't we nice!?). But if all things go according to plan we should
    have an intro very  soon....and  be  prepared,  this  one's going to be
    totally different from any other that has appeared in ICTARI.

    If me and Steven send you some pictures  of us would it be possible for
    you to scan them for us..... P L E A S E........>>>>>

    From Andrew Martin & Steven Jordan <Diamond Software>

    */ We will scan them for  you  on  two  conditions, that we can publish
    them in the magazine and  providing  they  don't contravene the Obscene
    Publications Act. Make sure  they  are  no  bigger  than  4"  by 6" and
    preferably have a light background,  black  and  white  is better (or a
    photocopied picture) although colour can be done.  ICTARI /*

    How about putting a text file  or  database  on the disk which contains
    all of the members of the user group as it would then be easier to send
    programs to each other for testing !

    */ See MEMBERS.TXT file on this disk  ICTARI /*

    I did say I was going to say  a  lot  from  now on but I can't think of
    anything else to say. So that's it.....

    From Andrew Martin <Diamond Software>

    */ Thank god for that (Just joking) /*
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